Comparative analysis of central hemodynamics and physical performance in football players of various sports qualiﬁ cations

Aim. To determine the in ﬂ uence of sports quali ﬁ cation of football players on parameters of heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical performance. Methods and results. At the beginning of the preparatory period examination of 73 football players of various sports quali ﬁ cations was carried out. It was established that relative value of physical performance and index of the functional state (IFS) are at a high enough level for all football players. That once again con ﬁ rms the orientation of the training process on the development of power-speed qualities with the appearance of a high-level general, speed and special endurance. Conclusion. Economization of physiological functions of quali ﬁ ed football players manifested by bradycardia, prevalence of hypokinetic type of circulation (TC) and is lack in group of quali ﬁ cation of MS and CMS athletes with hyperkinetic TC. Порівняльний

Оригинальные исследования / Original researches A nalysis of sports and medical literature shows, that insuffi cient attention is paid to the guestions of functional fi tness of the sportsmen, playing team sports. Some authors consider [7] that the complexity of qualifi ed recommendations is that in team sports is optimal coherence of the various body systems. Quantitative characteristic of which is possible only if a comprehensive diagnosis of the functional state of organs and systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, neurohumoral, visual analyzer and others was done.
Specific features of the organization of the study and training process in football are very complex research object, so one should be careful in formation of the conclusions and recommendations [3,4].
Some authors consider that the high complexity of the competitive activities of a football player makes high demands on all parties of the sportsman fi tness, because acting in the conditions of the hard combat, while being in non-standard situations with lack of time and space, football player must securely and effi ciently solve technical and tactical tasks [1,2,6].
The aim of this study was to determine the infl uence of sports qualifi cation of football players on the heart rate variability parameters, central hemodynamics and physical performance.

Materials and methods
At the beginning of the preparatory period, a comprehensive examination, including the definition of anthropometric parameters, heart rate variability, central hemodynamics, physical performance and index of functional state in 73 football players was carried out. The data was divided by sport qualifi cation into four groups for convenience of interpretation. The

Comparative analysis of central hemodynamics and physical performance in football players of various sports qualifi cations
Zaporizhzhia State Medical University Key words: football players, heart rate variability, central hemodynamics, physical performance.
Aim. To determine the infl uence of sports qualifi cation of football players on parameters of heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical performance.
Methods and results. At the beginning of the preparatory period examination of 73 football players of various sports qualifi cations was carried out. It was established that relative value of physical performance and index of the functional state (IFS) are at a high enough level for all football players. That once again confi rms the orientation of the training process on the development of power-speed qualities with the appearance of a high-level general, speed and special endurance.
Conclusion. Economization of physiological functions of qualifi ed football players manifested by bradycardia, prevalence of hypokinetic type of circulation (TC) and is lack in group of qualifi cation of MS and CMS athletes with hyperkinetic TC.
Statistical analysis was performed using a statistical software package «Statistica 6.0» and Microsoft Excel. The arithmetic mean (M), the mean error (m) were perfomed. The data obtained are presented in the form of M±m. In the case of distribution close to normal, evaluations of the statistical significance was performed by Student t-test. Difference was considered statistically signifi cant at a probability of p<0,05.

Results and discussion
Surveyed football players differed by age and seniority playing football with varying degrees of reliability, unlike athletes of CMS-I level qualifi cation and of I-II-III level qualifi cation in which there were no signifi cant differences.
Anthropometric magnitude was characterized by the absence of signifi cant differences in the body heihgt in football players MS and CMS qualifi cation, of MS and with I level qualifi cation, as well as in CMS and ones with I level qualifi cation.
Body weight was significantly lower as the age and qualifi cations level of the football players from the MS to the II-III level, with an exception of athletes, who have CMS and I level qualifi cations, in whom there were no signifi cant differences.
Comparison of the data of heart rate variability in football players, different in qualifications, indicates the relative homogenity of the average values of time and frequency parameters. The exception was the index of LF, serving as an indicator of predominantly sympathetic tone, which was signifi cantly bigger, than in players -MS, CMS and with I qualifi cation level, compared with players with II-III level, respectively, p<0,01, p<0,05, p<0,05.
Comparison of the central hemodynamic parameters in the surveyed football players showed a continuing trend to lack of signifi cant differences between athletes -CMS and with I qualifi cation level. The average value of CI at football players -MS, CMS and with I qualifi cation level did not differ in themselves and was within the values corresponding to the hypokinetic TC. Statistically signifi cant differences were found in the athletes of these qualifi cations in relation to the players qualifi cations of the II-III level, which corresponds to the average value of the CI eukinetic TC. This is confi rmed in the analysis of types of circulation. So, the football players qualifi cations of MS ratio among TC have: 78,6%:21,4%:0%, respectively hypo-, eu-and hyperkinetic TC. This ratio was 77,8%:22,2%:0% in football players with CMS qualifi cations, and respectively, 61,8%:35,3%:2,9% and 25,0%:62,5%:12,5% in players with I and II-III qualifi cation levels. Thus, if hypokinetic TC dominates in the football players -MS, CMS and with I qualifi cation level and in fi rst two groups was no athlet with hyperkinetic TC. Then number of football players with hypokinetic TC decreases with qualifi cation level from I to II-III. In the future, this leads to the predominance of the eukinetic TC in athletes with II-III level.
The average value of PWC 170 /kg in football players did not differ between MS and CMS qualifi cations, CMS and I level and was, respectively 20,45±0,65 vs. 19,17±0,69 and 19,17±0,69 vs. 18,18±0,54 kgm/min/kg (p>0,05). Signifi cant differences PWC 170 /kg at the level p<0,01 were observed in the football players -MS and with I level, MS and II-III level, CMS and II-III level, I level and II-III level of qualifi cation.
The average value of the ISF had signifi cant differences between football players of MS and CMS qualifications (8,087±0,34 vs. 6,962±0,37 relative to unit (p<0,01). The regular differences of ISF were fi xed between football players -CMS and with I qualifi cation level (p<0,01), and MC and II-III level (p<0,001), and CMS and II-III level (p<0,05). Besides there were no signifi cant differences of ISF in football players qualifi cations of CMS and I level, as well as between athletes of I and II-III level of qualifi cation. According to our proposed gradation in football players with MS qualifi cations IFS assessment showed average result, and in athletes -CMS, I and with II-III qualifi cation level-below average. Conclusions 1. The majority of the surveyed football players with different in sport qualifi cations had signifi cant differences in age, years of playing football, height and weight of the body except the athletes -CMS and with I qualifi cation level.
2. Surveyed football players with different qualifi cations had no signifi cant differences in the average time and frequency of heart rate variability parameters.
3. The economization of physiological functions of the qualified football players was manifested in bradycardia, prevalence of hypokinetic TC and lack in group with MS and CMS qualifi cations athletes with hyperkinetic TC.
4. The relative value of physical performance and IFS were increased in all football players, that again proves the orientation of the training process on the development of power-speed qualities with the appearance of a high-level general, speed and special endurance.