The role of cytokine gene polymorphism in the development of acute myocardial infarction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2017.5.110234Keywords:
inflammation, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, gene polymorphism, cytokinesAbstract
The continuous growth of cardiovascular diseases is one of the important challenges facing the modern medicine. They are the primary cause of death both in developed countries and inUkrainein particular.
The aim of the study is to perform analysis of modern literary sources related to the role of cytokine gene polymorphism in the development of acute myocardial infarction.
The basis for the search for candidate genes was study of individual characteristics and identifying genetic polymorphisms that increase the risk of triggering mechanisms of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary vessels and the consequent acute myocardial infarction development. Cytokine genes feature a very high level of polymorphisms. The obtained results of the study are quite contradictory, in addition there is no consensus on their application.
One of these candidate genes is the gene encoding interleukin-6 production. This is one of the proinflammatory cytokines, elevated levels of which are associated with the development and course of coronary heart disease, as well as with the processes of the atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. Polymorphic marker in interleukin-6 (-174-G/C) gene promoter is associated with IL-6 gene expression level and the level of Interleukin-6 inplasma, and can affect the course of ischemic heart disease.
The tumor necrosis factor-α is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine which is produced mainly by monocytes and macrophages. Concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α in blood plasma is constantly increased in patients after acute myocardial infarction with an increased risk of recurrent coronary events. These data support the hypothesis that stable patients are at risk of constant inflammatory instability. Increased production of tumor necrosis factor-α is considered an important cause of destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. The gene cluster of tumor necrosis factor-α is within the region of class III genes of highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex, located on human chromosome 6 at the position 6p21.1–21.3.
Another candidate gene encodes interleukin-10, being an anti-inflammatory cytokine is an inhibitor of inflammation located on chromosome 1 at the position 1q31–q32. The research identified a number of IL-10 gene polymorphisms at positions -592, -627, -1082.
Conclusions. Analysis of the above literature allows us to make a conclusion that: first, the concentration of cytokines depends on the genetic characteristics of an individual; secondly, cytokine gene polymorphism may be of importance in regard to the course of coronary heart disease.
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