The role of exosomes in the mechanisms of inflammation development in patients with cardiovascular pathology and the contribution to therapeutic potential of stem cells

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2021.4.204886

Keywords:

exosomes, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, stem cells

Abstract

The aim – based on the analysis of the scientific literature focused on understanding the role of exosomes in the mechanisms of inflammation development and application of stem cells for cellular therapy in different pathological conditions, to identify and substantiate the prospects of using the exosomes as prognostic markers of a disease progression and application of their therapeutic potential in cardiovascular pathology.

Global trends in the study of stem cells of different origins from the perspective of morphofunctional, molecular-genetic, cytogenetic, immunogenetic and cytological characteristics contribute significantly the development of regenerative medicine in the context of developing new methodological solutions for the use of stem cells and their components, particularly exosomes, for cell therapy of various pathological conditions. Studies show the indirect effect of exosomes on the immune response activation, coordination of cellular senescence processes and antigen presentation. There are also evidence of their impact on the structural and functional restoration of affected organs and blood vessels.

The application potential of exosomes in practical medicine, particularly in the area of new approaches development to synthesize the newer biopharmaceuticals and as markers of multifactorial pathology course in conjunction with studies on the mechanisms of exosome involvement into immune processes is discussed.

The study on the exosome-mediated mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis is relevant, given the fact that their main physiological role is to implement the link between immunocompetent cells.

Conclusions. Improving knowledge of the molecular biological mechanisms of the exosome influence on immunological processes in patients with cardiovascular pathology allows to expand the range of diagnostic and prognostic criteria for the formation of immuno-inflammatory reactions and endothelial dysfunction and to outline ways to personify the choice of therapeutic programs, which, in turn, can open approaches to develop fundamentally newer pharmaceuticals.

Author Biographies

P. F. Muzychenko, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine

Professor of the Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy

Zh. M. Minchenko, SI “National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the NAMS of Ukraine”, Kyiv

PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Immunogenetics

T. I. Havrylenko, SI “National Scientific Center “Institute of Cardiology named after M. D. Strazhesko” of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv

PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Immunology and Biochemistry

V. A. Cherniak, Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine

MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Director of the University Clinic

S. V. Demidov, Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine

PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of General and Medical Genetics

N. O. Ryzhkova, SI “National Scientific Center "Institute of Cardiology named after M. D. Strazhesko” of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv

MD, PhD, Senior Researcher of the Department of Immunology and Biochemistry

O. A. Pidhaina, SI “National Scientific Center "Institute of Cardiology named after M. D. Strazhesko” of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv

MD, PhD, Senior Researcher of the Department of Immunology and Biochemistry

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2021-07-01

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1.
Muzychenko PF, Minchenko ZM, Havrylenko TI, Cherniak VA, Demidov SV, Ryzhkova NO, Pidhaina OA. The role of exosomes in the mechanisms of inflammation development in patients with cardiovascular pathology and the contribution to therapeutic potential of stem cells. Zaporozhye medical journal [Internet]. 2021Jul.1 [cited 2024Apr.25];23(4):566-74. Available from: http://zmj.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/204886

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Vol. 23 No. 4 (2021)

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Review

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