Changes in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of blood in athletes training speed, endurance or strength performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2020.4.208393Keywords:
athletes, physical performance in endurance, speed, strengthAbstract
The vast majority of researches have focused on the study of an association between the body physical capabilities and quantitative, qualitative indicators and the rheological properties of blood depending on the level of physical activity or physical performance. However, the influence of performance (strength, endurance, speed), which is mainly trained by athletes, on the quantitative and qualitative blood indicators have not been studied enough.
The aim of the work – to study the association between the quantitative and qualitative blood indicators with the characteristics of strength, endurance or speed, that are mainly trained by athletes in different sports.
Materials and methods. A total of 72 athletes (52 men and 20 women) qualified from Candidate Master of Sports (CMS) to Master of Sports of International Class (MSIC) (mean age 21.75 ± 3.32 years) were examined. Depending on the physical performance mainly trained by athletes, three groups were formed: the first group – 48 athletes who mainly trained endurance performance (triathlon, swimming, long-distance running, rowing), the second group – 16 athletes who mainly trained speed performance (sprint running), the third group – 8 athletes who mainly trained strength performance (weightlifting, powerlifting, kettlebell lifting). Among them, there were MSIC – 2, masters of sports (MS) – 25, CMS – 45. Blood parameters were determined in the capillary blood of the athletes, using an automatic hematology analyzer “Abacus junior” (Diatron Messtechnik GmbH, Austria).
Results. Groups of athletes who mainly trained endurance or strength performance did not differ from each other in many blood indicators. However, athletes who mainly trained strength performance had a more pronounced anisocytosis, as evidenced by a 5.8 % (Р = 0.008) increase in erythrocyte distribution width (RDWc, %), than athletes who trained endurance performance, as well as by a 15.4 % (Р = 0.033) higher mean platelet volume.
Athletes who predominantly trained speed performance had an increased erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV) by 4.6 % (Р = 0.0082), absolute (MID) and relative (MI) mixed number of monocytes, eosinophils and basophils by 172.9 % (Р = 0.0004) and 158.3 % (Р = 0.0002), respectively, than athletes who trained endurance performance.
In athletes who trained strength performance, in contrast to athletes who trained speed performance, significantly higher red blood cell indicators were detected: absolute number of erythrocytes by 7.6 % (Р = 0.040); haemoglobin content by 8.0 % (Р = 0.032); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration by 6.4 % (Р = 0.025); RDWc by 5.7 % (Р = 0.006) with a decrease of 5.9 % (Р = 0.001) in MCV.
Conclusions. Mobilization of the blood oxygen transport function in response to physical activity in athletes, who mainly trained strength performance, was accomplished through the increasing erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration with the decreasing erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume. Athletes who predominantly trained speed performance showed the downward changes in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (within the reference values) and increased erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume. In athletes who mainly trained endurance performance, the erythrocyte population was medium– sized with medium level of mean corpuscular hemoglobin.
References
Bosch, F. H., Werre, J. M., Schipper, L., Roerdinkholder-Stoelwinder, B., Huls, T., Willekens, F. L., Wichers, G., & Halie, M. R. (1994). Determinants of red blood cell deformability in relation to cell age. European journal of haematology, 52(1), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1994.tb01282.x
Ferguson, C., Whipp, B., Cathcart, A. J., Rossiter, H. B., Turner, A. P., & Ward, S. A. (2007). Effects of prior very-heavy intensity exercise on indices of aerobic function and high-intensity exercise tolerance. Journal of applied physiology, 103(3), 812-822. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01410.2006
Kostova, V., Antonova, N., Velcheva, I., & Ivanov, I. (2012) Comparative analysis of the rheological properties of blood in patients with type 2 diabetes. Series on Biomechanics, 27(3-4), 80-85.
Tomschi, F., Bloch, W., & Grau, M. (2018). Impact of Type of Sport, Gender and Age on Red Blood Cell Deformability of Elite Athletes. International journal of sports medicine, 39(1), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119879
von Tempelhoff, G. F., Schelkunov, O., Demirhan, A., Tsikouras, P., Rath, W., Velten, E., & Csorba, R. (2016). Correlation between blood rheological properties and red blood cell indices (MCH, MCV, MCHC) in healthy women. Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation, 62(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-151944
Vikulov, A. D., Mel'nikov, A. A., & Osetrov, I. A. (2001). Reologicheskie svoistva krovi u sportsmenov [Rheological properties of blood in athletes]. Fiziologiya cheloveka, 27(5), 124-132. [in Russian].
Gushchin, A. G., Murav'ev, A. V., & Shaechkina, I. K. (2000). Otsenka kompleksa gemoreologicheskikh parametrov pri eritrotsitoze [Evaluation of the complex of hemorheological parameters in erythrocytosis]. Fiziologiya cheloveka, 26(2), 111-114. [in Russian].
Dautova, A. Z., Shamratova, V. G., & Vorob’eva, E. V. (2019). Assotsiatsiya polimorfizmov genov ASE, SMA1 i BDKRB2 s sostoyaniem kislorodtransportnoi sistemy organizma u yunoshei s raznym urovnem dvigatel'noi aktivnosti [Association of polymorphisms of the ACE, СМА1 and BDKRB2 genes with the state of oxygen transport system in young men with different levels of motor activity]. Zhurnal mediko-biologicheskikh issledovanii, 7(3), 251-260. https://doi.org/10.17238/issn2542-1298.2019.7.3.251 [in Russian].
Katyukhin, L. N. (2001). Rol' reologicheskikh determinant eritrotsitov v regulyatsii struktury krovotoka [The role of rheological determinants of red blood cells in the regulation of blood flow]. Klinicheskaya laboratornaya diagnostika, (12), 22-24. [in Russian].
Коvelska, A. V., Lysenko, O. M., Horenko, Z. A., & Оcheretko B. I. (2017). ematolohichni pokaznyky krovi u sportsmeniv ta riven fizychnoi pratsezdatnosti [Hematologic indices in athletes and physical work capacity level]. Sportyvna medytsyna i fizychna reabilitatsiia, (2), 74-82. [in Ukrainian].
Krivoschekov, S. G., Divert, V. E., Melnikov, V. N., Vodjanitskij, S. N., & Girenko, L. A. (2013). Sravnitel'nyi analiz reaktsii gazoobmena i kardiorespiratornoi sistemy plovtsov i lyzhnikov na narastayushchuyu normobaricheskuyu gipoksiyu i fizicheskuyu nagruzku [Comparative Analysis of Gas Exchange and Cardiorespiratory Systems Reactions to Increasing Normobaric Hypoxia and Physical Load of Swimmers and Skiers]. Fiziologiya cheloveka, 39(1), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0131164612060070 [in Russian].
Murav'ev, A. V., & Murav'ev, A. A. (2005). Vne- i vnutrikletochnye mekhanizmy izmeneniya agregatsii eritrotsitov [Extra- and intracellular mechanisms of changes in erythrocyte aggregation]. Fiziologiya cheloveka, 31(4), 108-112. [in Russian].
Nekhvyadovich, A. I., Budko, A. N., Petrova, E. E., & Pasyukevich, A. A. (2016). Differentsirovannyi podkhod k otsenke izmeneniya kartiny krovi v protsesse adaptatsii k trenirovochnym nagruzkam sportsmenok po gimnastike sportivnoi [The differential approach to the assessment of the variation of the hematological status in the course of adoptation to the training loads of sportswomen of the artistic gymnastics]. Prikladnaya sportivnaya nauka, (1), 63-71. [in Russian].
Solov'eva, T. I., & Lukina, E. A. (2006). Mikrogemoreologicheskie narusheniya: kharakteristika i klinicheskoe znachenie [Microhemorheological disorders: characteristics and clinical significance]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 78(2), 87-91. [in Russian].
Khazipova, I. R., & Shamratova, V. G. (2012). Svyazi adrenoreativnosti eritrotsitov s sostoyaniem kislorodtransportnoi sistemy organizma i fizicheskoi vynoslivost'yu studentov [Connection of Erythrocyte Adrenoreactivity with the State of Body’s Oxygen Transport System and Students’ Physical Endurance]. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta, (12), 235-242. [in Russian].
Shamratova, V. G., & Khazipova, I. R. (2011). Vzaimosvyazi adrenoreaktivnosti eritrotsitov s nekotorymi makro- i mikroreologicheskimi parametrami krovi u zdorovykh lyudei [Interrelations of adrenoreactivity of erytrocytes with some macro- and microreological parameters in blood of healthy people]. Vestnik Bashkirskogo universiteta, 16(4), 1219-1222. [in Russian].
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
