The influence of medical and social risk factors on the development of hypertension in the adult population at the regional level

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2021.1.224876

Keywords:

hypertension, risk factors, primary prevention

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of medical and social risk factors (RF) on the development of arterial hypertension (AH) in the adult population at the regional level (Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine).

Materials and methods. The study, after obtaining an informed consent, involved 2000 patients, residents of Zaporizhzhia region, including 1000 patients (522 men and 478 women, mean age 51.60 ± 0.85 years) with AH and 1000 patients (478 men and 522 women, mean age 49.80 ± 0.94 years) without AH. The relationship between hypertension and the action of already known RF, the reliable connection of which has been proven by many studies, including burdened heredity, overweight, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity, and some social and economic RF. In order to achieve the goal of the study, we used a set of general scientific and special interrelated and consistently applied methods: system analysis, bibliosemantic, descriptive statistics, calculating the odds ratio (OR) of the event with a 95 % confidence interval (CI); values of P to define statistical significance.

Results. According to our study, the simple logistic regression analysis of persons from the study cohort reveals a reliable relationship (P < 0.05) between AH and family history of hypertension, overweight, physical inactivity, smoking. Along with the well-known RF, the residents of the Zaporizhzhia region are exposed to other social and economic RF, in particular, poor living standards (OR 2.45; 95 % CІ 2.04–2.94; P < 0.0001), unemployment (OR 1.9; 95 % CІ 1.38–2.64; P < 0.0001), lack of healthcare facilities at the place of residence (OR 0.29; 95 % CІ 0.22–0.35; P < 0.0001), low level of education (OR 2.39; 95 % CІ 1.97–2.91; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions. It has been found that along with the traditional risk factors, the residents of the Zaporizhzhia region have other social and economic risk factors, including poor living standards, low average income, unemployment, lack of healthcare facilities at the place of residence, low level of education.

References

Williams, B., Mancia, G., Spiering, W., Agabiti Rosei, E., Azizi, M., Burnier, M., Clement, D., Coca, A., De Simone, G., Dominiczak, A., Kahan, T., Mahfoud, F., Redon, J., Ruilope, L., Zanchetti, A., Kerins, M., Kjeldsen, S., Kreutz, R., Laurent, S., Lip, G., … Desormais, I. (2018). 2018 Practice Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. Blood Pressure, 27(6), 314-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/08037051.2018.1527177

Bakris, G., Ali, W., & Parati, G. (2019). ACC/AHA Versus ESC/ESH on Hypertension Guidelines: JACC Guideline Comparison. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(23), 3018-3026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.507

Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M. T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., Graham, I., Hall, M. S., Hobbs, F., Løchen, M. L., Löllgen, H., Marques-Vidal, P., Perk, J., Prescott, E., Redon, J., Richter, D. J., … ESC Scientific Document Group. (2016). 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). European Heart Journal, 37(29), 2315-2381. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106

Chiu, S., Bergeron, N., Williams, P. T., Bray, G. A., Sutherland, B., & Krauss, R. M. (2016). Comparison of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and a higher-fat DASH diet on blood pressure and lipids and lipoproteins: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 103(2), 341-347. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.123281

Rust, P., & Ekmekcioglu, C. (2017). Impact of Salt Intake on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hypertension. In M. S. Islam (Ed.), Hypertension: from basic research to clinical practice. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (Vol. 956, pp. 61-84). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2016_147

Li, B., Li, F., Wang, L., & Zhang, D. (2016). Fruit and Vegetables Consumption and Risk of Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 18(5), 468-476. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12777

Hong, K. N., Fuster, V., Rosenson, R. S., Rosendorff, C., & Bhatt, D. L. (2017). How Low to Go With Glucose, Cholesterol, and Blood Pressure in Primary Prevention of CVD. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70(17), 2171-2185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.001

Fujihara, K., Matsubayashi, Y., Harada Yamada, M., Kitazawa, M., Yamamoto, M., Kaneko, M., Kodama, S., Yahiro, T., Tsutsui, A., Kato, K., & Sone, H. (2020). Combination of diabetes mellitus and lack of habitual physical activity is a risk factor for functional disability in Japanese. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 8(1), Article e000901. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000901

Xie, K., Bao, L., Jiang, X., Ye, Z., Bing, J., Dong, Y., Gao, D., Ji, X., Jiang, T., Li, J., Li, Y., Luo, S., Mao, W., Peng, D., Qu, P., Song, S., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Xu, B., Yin, X., … Li, Y. (2019). The association of metabolic syndrome components and chronic kidney disease in patients with hypertension. Lipids in Health and Disease, 18(1), Article 229. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-1121-5

Syvolap, V. V., & Vizir-Tronova, O. V. (2017). Vnesok modyfikovanykh faktoriv ryzyku v formuvannia sertsevo-sudynnoho remodeliuvannia ta vehetatyvnoho balansu u khvorykh na hipertonichnu khvorobu [The contribution of modifiable risk factors to the formation of cardiovascular remodeling and vegetative balance in patients with essential hypertension]. Zaporozhye medical journal, 19(6), 694-701. https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2017.6.114432 [in Ukrainian].

Pantell, M. S., Prather, A. A., Downing, J. M., Gordon, N. P., & Adler, N. E. (2019). Association of Social and Behavioral Risk Factors With Earlier Onset of Adult Hypertension and Diabetes. JAMA Network Open, 2(5), Article e193933. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3933

Veisani, Y., Jenabi, E., Nematollahi, S., Delpisheh, A., & Khazaei, S. (2019). The role of socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of hypertension in adults. Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research, 11(2), 116-120. https://doi.org/10.15171/jcvtr.2019.20

Ogunsina, K., Dibaba, D. T., & Akinyemiju, T. (2018). Association between life-course socio-economic status and prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors in five middle-income countries. Journal of Global Health, 8(2), Article 020405. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.08.020405

Ryu, H., Moon, J., & Jung, J. (2020). Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk by Socioeconomic Status (SES) of Workers Using National Health Information Database. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), Article 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062047

Laine, J. E., Baltar, V. T., Stringhini, S., Gandini, M., Chadeau-Hyam, M., Kivimaki, M., Severi, G., Perduca, V., Hodge, A. M., Dugué, P. A., Giles, G. G., Milne, R. L., Barros, H., Sacerdote, C., Krogh, V., Panico, S., Tumino, R., Goldberg, M., Zins, M., Delpierre, C., … Vineis, P. (2020). Reducing socio-economic inequalities in all-cause mortality: a counterfactual mediation approach. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49(2), 497-510. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz248

Downloads

Published

2021-04-07

How to Cite

1.
Lashkul ZV, Lashkul DA. The influence of medical and social risk factors on the development of hypertension in the adult population at the regional level. Zaporozhye Medical Journal [Internet]. 2021Apr.7 [cited 2024Dec.3];23(1):42-5. Available from: http://zmj.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/224876

Issue

Section

Original research