Effectiveness assessment of the medical-social rehabilitation of adolescents with mild mental retardation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2022.5.256779Keywords:
mental retardation, child and adolescent psychiatry, biopsychosocial model, medical and psychological supportAbstract
Issues of treatment and rehabilitation of adolescents with mental retardation, improvement of old and new therapies using an integrated approach to rehabilitation, which allows increasing social activity of adolescents with mild mental retardation and improving their quality of life, are remaining relevant and needing further study.
The aim of the work is a comprehensive study of clinical and phenomenological structure, comorbid pathology, socio-hygienic factors and criteria for assessing the limitations of life and its quality among adolescents with mild mental retardation, and to develop recommendations for rehabilitation measures in modern conditions.
Materials and methods. At the Kryvyi Rih Psychoneurological Dispensary, 154 patients born in 2003–2008 who were under the dispensary observation of a teenage psychiatrist were examined. The study consisted of two stages: the first – at the initial visit for psychiatric care of patients with mild mental retardation, and the second – follow-up, at the age of 18–23 years. Clinical and epidemiological, clinical and psychopathological, psychodiagnostic and statistical methods were used in the study. The main tool of the study was the “Map for clinical and epidemiological studies”, which included socio-demographic and anamnestic information, the clinical part with a description of existing symptoms and syndromes.
Results. As a result of rehabilitation measures, there was a decrease in cases and in the severity of comorbid pathology, improved cognitive functioning (attention, memory, language and writing skills, reading, arithmetic), motility, spatial orientation. Adaptive skills of statodynamic functions were improved in 36.4 % of cases, self-care ability – in 22.7 %. At the time of the study completion, 73.38 % of all respondents could be considered socially adapted. Among adolescents with mild mental retardation and comorbid mental and other pathologies, in addition to positive dynamics, there were negative dynamics (19.04 %) or no dynamics (14.29 %), emphasizing the need for longer time and larger number of rehabilitation measures among this category of patients.
Conclusions. Biopsychosocial model of care for adolescents with mental retardation with the inclusion of medical-biological, psychological-pedagogical and social aspects helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures aimed at reducing the severity of the underlying disease and improving social adaptation.
References
Platt, J. M., Keyes, K. M., McLaughlin, K. A., & Kaufman, A. S. (2019). Intellectual disability and mental disorders in a US population representative sample of adolescents. Psychological medicine, 49(6), 952-961. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718001605
Blankestein, A., Lange, A., van der Rijken, R., Scholte, R., Moonen, X., & Didden, R. (2020). Brief report: Follow-up outcomes of multisystemic therapy for adolescents with an intellectual disability and the relation with parental intellectual disability. Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID, 33(3), 618-624. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12691
Proskurnyak, O. I. (2015). Chynnyky rozvytku komunikatyvnoi diialnosti rozumovo vidstalykh pidlitkiv [Factors of communicative activity development of mentally retarded teenagers]. Osvita osib z osoblyvymy potrebamy: shliakhy rozbudovy, (9), 85-92. [in Ukrainian].
Podkorytov, V. S., Dyachenko, L. I., Kutikov, A. E., Petrychenko, O. O., & Kravchuk, N. G. (2012). Stan psykhichnoho zdorovia dytiachoho naselennia Ukrainy ta orhanizatsiia psykhiatrychnoi dopomohy [Mental health state of a child population of Ukraine and an organization of mental health care]. Zhurnal psikhiatrii i meditsinskoi psikhologii, (3), 3-15. [in Ukrainian].
Rice, C. E., Zablotsky, B., Avila, R. M., Colpe, L. J., Schieve, L. A., Pringle, B., & Blumberg, S. J. (2016). Reported Wandering Behavior among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Intellectual Disability. The Journal of pediatrics, 174, 232-239.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.03.047
Korinko, K. J. (2016). Quality of Life of People with Profound Developmental Disabilities Based Upon Residential Settings. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 174. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/quality-life-people-with-profound-developmental/docview/1796371206/se-2?accountid=41849
Townsend-White, C., Pham, A. N., & Vassos, M. V. (2012). Review: a systematic review of quality of life measures for people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours. Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 56(3), 270-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01427.x
Juhásová, A. (2015). Comparison of Quality of Life of Families with Children with Disability and Families with Children without Disability. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 3378-3384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1007
Demianenko, B. T. (2010). Kompleksna medyko-psykholoho-pedahohichna korektsiia psykhichnykh porushen u ditei ta pidlitkiv [Comprehensive medical-psychological-pedagogical correction of mental disorders in children and adolescents]. Aktualni pytannia korektsiinoi osvity, (1), 127-134. [in Ukrainian].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
