Pattern of IgM and IgG changes depending on the pathological process duration in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2024.5.306010

Keywords:

autoimmune thyroiditis, Hashimoto thyroiditis, autoantibodies, disease duration, IgM, IgG

Abstract

The aim of the study was to find out the pattern of IgM and IgG changes in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis depending on the pathological process duration.

Materials and methods. A single-center cross-sectional study with randomization elements enrolled 170 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, and 65 patients without thyroid pathology or other autoimmune diseases were assigned to sex- and age-matched comparison group (p = 0.6155 and p = 0.3093, respectively). The patients were classified according to thyroid status parameters into subclinical and manifest groups. All study participants were examined on IgM and IgG levels based not only on the clinical form of the disease, but also on the disease duration (up to 5 years and more than 5 years). The control group comprised 65 healthy individuals, including 26 men and 39 women (mean age 38.7 ± 10.8 years).

Results. A slight decrease in IgM levels was observed in patients with subclinical form and longer disease duration, which was 1.5 (1.5; 1.7) g/l with the disease duration of up to 5 years and 1.4 (1.2; 1.4) g/l with the disease duration of more than 5 years, while there were no differences in IgM levels in patients with manifest form with longer disease duration. IgG concentrations were statistically significantly higher in both clinical groups of patients with the disease duration of up to 5 years compared to those in patients with the disease duration of more than 5 years (13 (11; 14) g/l up to 5 years and 11 (10; 12) g/l more than 5 years in subclinical group, p < 0.05); 13 (12; 14) g/l up to 5 years and 12 (10; 15) g/l more than 5 years in manifest group, p < 0.05).

Conclusions. A downward trend in IgG concentrations is noted with the disease progression and longer duration, while IgM levels are uninformative.

Author Biographies

R. R. Rahimova, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku

PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Biochemistry

G. S. Dashdamirova, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku

PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Biochemistry

S. R. Guliyeva, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku

PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Biochemistry

U. H. Azizova, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku

PhD, Assistant of the Department of Biochemistry

F. F. Rzayeva, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku

Assistant of the Department of Biochemistry

References

Ralli M, Angeletti D, Fiore M, D'Aguanno V, Lambiase A, Artico M, et al. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: An update on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic strategies, and potential malignant transformation. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(10):102649. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102649

Bieber K, Hundt JE, Yu X, Ehlers M, Petersen F, Karsten CM, et al. Autoimmune pre-disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2023;22(2):103236. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103236

Rahimova RR. Relationship between CTLA4, TNF-α and PTPN22 gene polymorphism and the serum levels of antithyroglobulin and antiperoxidase antibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis. AIMS Medical Science. 2023;10(1):14-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2023002

Weetman AP. An update on the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021;44(5):883-890. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01477-1

Ragusa F, Fallahi P, Elia G, Gonnella D, Paparo SR, Giusti C, et al. Hashimotos' thyroiditis: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic and therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;33(6):101367. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2019.101367

Bogusławska J, Godlewska M, Gajda E, Piekiełko-Witkowska A. Cellular and molecular basis of thyroid autoimmunity. Eur Thyroid J. 2022;11(1):e210024. doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0024

Тywanek E, Michalak A, Świrska J, Zwolak A. Autoimmunity, New Potential Biomarkers and the Thyroid Gland-The Perspective of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Its Treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(9):4703. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094703

Lin X, Lu L. B Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1254:145-60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3532-1_11

Rahimova RR, Efendiyev AM, Shahverdiyeva IJ, Dashdamirova GS, Guliyeva SR, Azizova UH. Study on the role of tissue-specific and non-specific autoantibodies, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and neuron-specific enolase enzymes in the exacerbation of autoimmune thyroiditis. Zaporozhye medical journal. 2024;26(2):118-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2024.2.296844

Ossendorp F, Ho NI, Van Montfoort N. How B cells drive T-cell responses: A key role for cross-presentation of antibody-targeted antigens. Adv Immunol. 2023;160:37-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2023.09.002

Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Huang Q, Lin Y, Wang X, et al. Distribution of IgG subclass anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2021;30(6):901-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203321995242

Trzos S, Link-Lenczowski P, Sokołowski G, Pocheć E. Changes of IgG N-Glycosylation in Thyroid Autoimmunity: The Modulatory Effect of Methimazole in Graves' Disease and the Association With the Severity of Inflammation in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Front Immunol. 2022;13:841710. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.841710

Xu Y, Huo J, Nie R, Ge L, Xie C, Meng Y, et al. Altered profile of glycosylated proteins in serum samples obtained from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis following depletion of highly abundant proteins. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1182842. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182842

Ricci D, Brancatella A, Marinò M, Rotondi M, Chiovato L, Vitti P, et al. The Detection of Serum IgMs to Thyroglobulin in Subacute Thyroiditis Suggests a Protective Role of IgMs in Thyroid Autoimmunity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(6):dgaa038. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa038

Sathe A, Cusick JK. Biochemistry, Immunoglobulin M. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): 2022; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555995/

Maddur MS, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Dimitrov JD, Kazatchkine MD, Bayry J, Kaveri SV. Natural Antibodies: from First-Line Defense Against Pathogens to Perpetual Immune Homeostasis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2020;58(2):213-28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-019-08746-9

Rashid T, Mehraj A, Mushtaq N, Rasool S. Origin and history of immunogenetics. A Molecular Approach to Immunogenetics. 2021;1-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90053-9.00015-4

Trzos S, Link-Lenczowski P, Pocheć E. The role of N-glycosylation in B-cell biology and IgG activity. The aspects of autoimmunity and anti-inflammatory therapy. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1188838. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188838

Fahlquist-Hagert C, Wittenborn TR, Terczyńska-Dyla E, Kastberg KS, Yang E, Rallistan AN, et al. Antigen presentation by B cells enables epitope spreading across an MHC barrier. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):6941. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42541-7

Song DJ, Shen J, Chen MH, Liu ZJ, Cao Q, Hu PJ, et al. Association of Serum Immunoglobulins Levels With Specific Disease Phenotypes of Crohn's Disease: A Multicenter Analysis in China. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:621337. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.621337

Ząbczyńska M, Link-Lenczowski P, Novokmet M, Martin T, Turek-Jabrocka R, Trofimiuk-Müldner M, et al. Altered N-glycan profile of IgG-depleted serum proteins in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2020;1864(3):129464. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129464

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2024-10-04

How to Cite

1.
Rahimova RR, Mehdiyev L, Dashdamirova GS, Guliyeva SR, Azizova UH, Rzayeva FF. Pattern of IgM and IgG changes depending on the pathological process duration in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Zaporozhye Medical Journal [Internet]. 2024Oct.4 [cited 2024Nov.22];26(5):393-6. Available from: http://zmj.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/306010