Study on the prevalence of traditional smoking and the use of modern electronic nicotine delivery systems in different age groups of patients with ischemic heart disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2024.6.310909Keywords:
smoking, electronic cigarettes, harmful and potentially harmful substances, coronary heart disease, WHO age classificationAbstract
The aim to define the frequency of traditional smoking and electronic cigarette use among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients of different age groups.
Materials and methods. The study included patients with CHD who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (n = 3674). The mean age of the study participants was 60.6 ± 0.8 years. The material for analysis was anamnestic data regarding traditional smoking or the use of electronic nicotine delivery devices and a smoking history. The study design was based on the patient’s age group according to the WHO age classification.
Results. The article raises an actual problem of defining the impact of electronic cigarettes and traditional smoking on health risk for CHD patients and the frequency of smoking types taking into account the patients’ age. Nicotine addiction has been revealed in 67.3 % of patients among the study participants that was significantly higher than the proportion of never-smokers, p = 0.0001, χ2 = 56.29. It has been found that 93.0 % of patients preferred traditional cigarette smoking to electronic cigarettes, p = 0.0001, χ2 = 2101.45, and the frequency of traditional smoking was significantly lower among young patients (21.3 %) as compared to older age groups of patients: middle-aged – 38.5 % (р = 0.0001, χ2 = 62.40), elderly – 44.0 % (р = 0.0001, χ2 = 116.53) and old-aged – 42.1 % (р = 0.0001, χ2 = 95.67). Smoking cessation frequency has been shown to be significantly higher in the older groups: middle-aged (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 17.42), elderly (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 15.59) and old-aged (p = 0.003, χ2 = 9.05) compared to that among CHD patients of a younger age. The determined frequency of using only electronic cigarettes as a smoking experience or transition from tradition smoking has been demonstrated to be significantly higher exclusively among young people compared to other age groups: middle-aged patients (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 170.24), elderly (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 288.63) and old-aged (p = 0.0001, χ2 = 290.01).
Conclusions. Tobacco smoking as one of the leading risk factors has been established to be an extremely common phenomenon in the sample of CHD patients with the frequency of 67.3 %, that was significantly higher than the number of never-smokers, p = 0.0001, χ2 = 56.29. The rates demonstrating the prevalence of traditional and electronic cigarette smoking based on the age of patients with coronary heart disease have been determined. The incidence of smoking status types (quit smoking, switch to electronic cigarettes, dual users) according to the age aspect has been revealed.
References
Espinoza-Derout J, Shao XM, Lao CJ, Hasan KM, Rivera JC, Jordan MC, et al. Electronic Cigarette Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:879726. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.879726
Musk AW, de Klerk NH. History of tobacco and health. Respirology. 2003;8(3):286-90. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00483.x
Gately I. Tobacco: The Story of How Tobacco Seduced the World. New York, NY: Grove Press; 2001.
White C. Research on smoking and lung cancer: a landmark in the history of chronic disease epidemiology. Yale J Biol Med. 1990;63(1):29-46.
Giovino GA, Schooley MW, Zhu BP, Chrismon JH, Tomar SL, Peddicord JP, et al. Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors–United States, 1900-1994. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1994;43(3):1-43.
CDC. Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States [Internet]. Smoking and Tobacco Use. 2024. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/data-statistics/adult-data-cigarettes/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/index.htm
Gallo M, Street ME, Guerra F, Fanos V, Marcialis MA. A review of current knowledge on Pollution, Cigarette Smoking and COVID-19 diffusion and their relationship with inflammation. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(4):e2020148. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i4.10263
Polosa R, Caponnetto P, Morjaria JB, Papale G, Campagna D, Russo C. Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e-Cigarette) on smoking reduction and cessation: a prospective 6-month pilot study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:786. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-786
Bold KW, Kong G, Camenga DR, Simon P, Cavallo DA, Morean ME, et al. Trajectories of E-cigarette and conventional cigarette use among youth. Pediatrics. 2018;141(1):e20171832. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1832
Vogel EA, Cho J, McConnell RS, Barrington-Trimis JL, Leventhal AM. Prevalence of electronic cigarette dependence among youth and its association with future use. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(2):e1921513. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.21513
Gentzke AS, Wang TW, Jamal A, Park-Lee E, Ren C, Cullen KA, et al. Tobacco product use among middle and high school students - United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(50):1881-8. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6950a1
Kim CY, Paek YJ, Seo HG, Cheong YS, Lee CM, Park SM, et al. Dual use of electronic and conventional cigarettes is associated with higher cardiovascular risk factors in Korean men. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5612. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62545-3
Ezzati M, Henley SJ, Thun MJ, Lopez AD. Role of smoking in global and regional cardiovascular mortality. Circulation. 2005;112(4):489-97. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.521708
Wang JB, Olgin JE, Nah G, Vittinghoff E, Cataldo JK, Pletcher MJ, et al. Cigarette and e-cigarette dual use and risk of cardiopulmonary symptoms in the Health eHeart Study. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):e0198681. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198681
Alzahrani T, Pena I, Temesgen N, Glantz SA. Association between electronic cigarette use and myocardial infarction. Am J Prev Med. 2018;55(4):455-61. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.05.004
Bhatta DN, Glantz SA. Electronic cigarette use and myocardial infarction among adults in the US population assessment of tobacco and health. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(12):e012317. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.012317
Chaumont M, de Becker B, Zaher W, Culie A, Deprez G, Melot C, et al. Differential effects of E-cigarette on microvascular endothelial function, arterial stiffness and oxidative stress: a randomized crossover trial. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):10378. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28723-0
Goniewicz ML, Miller CR, Sutanto E, Li D. How effective are electronic cigarettes for reducing respiratory and cardiovascular risk in smokers? A systematic review. Harm Reduct J. 2020;17(1):91. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-020-00440-w
Osei AD, Mirbolouk M, Orimoloye OA, Dzaye O, Uddin SM, Benjamin EJ, et al. Association between E-cigarette use and cardiovascular disease among never and current combustible-cigarette smokers. Am J Med. 2019;132(8):949-54.e2. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.02.016
Mallock N, Böss L, Burk R, Danziger M, Welsch T, Hahn H, et al. Levels of selected analytes in the emissions of "heat not burn" tobacco products that are relevant to assess human health risks. Arch Toxicol. 2018;92(6):2145-9. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-018-2215-y
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
