Studying the impact of probiotic agents on the pathogenetic and clinical features of generalized periodontitis

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2024.6.309576

Keywords:

periodontitis, biofilms, clinical features, treatment protocols, probiotics

Abstract

Generalized periodontitis remains one of the most prevalent dental diseases, complications of which significantly deteriorate patients’ quality of life. Currently, the use of probiotic agents is considered a promising direction to enhance the effectiveness of non-surgical treatment of this pathology. Studying the impact of different probiotics on the pathogenetic and clinical features of generalized periodontitis will allow proposing optimized protocols for comprehensive treatment, reducing patient rehabilitation periods and improving the overall dental health of the population.

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of various probiotic agents on the pathogenetic and clinical characteristics, treatment effectiveness of generalized periodontitis in adult patients by analyzing professional scientific literature.

The literature review provides a brief overview of various probiotic groups and discusses pathogenetic mechanisms of their interaction with the microbiota of oral biofilms. The immunomodulatory mechanisms of probiotics on local and systemic immune responses in patients with generalized periodontitis, inhibition of enzymes responsible for bone tissue resorption, are presented. The analysis results of scientific sources regarding the dynamics of changes in clinical symptoms, microbiological, immunological, and biochemical parameters of saliva and blood serum in individuals with generalized periodontitis receiving comprehensive rehabilitation using probiotic agents compared to patients treated with traditional protocols are provided. The study highlights statistical differences in clinical and laboratory indicators of periodontitis progression at different treatment intervals.

Conclusions. The use of probiotic agents for treating patients with generalized periodontitis significantly influences the clinical course of the disease by altering the species composition of dental biofilms and modulating local immune and inflammatory reactions. However, the known results of experimental and clinical studies often have conflicting findings regarding the efficacy of specific probiotic strains and the duration of inflammatory process stabilization over extended periods after treatment, which means a further study is required.

Author Biographies

M. A. Luchynskyi, Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine

MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Dental Therapy

O. O. Pompii, State Establishment “Lugansk State Medical University”, Rivne, Ukraine

MD, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Dentistry

A. P. Oshurko, State Establishment “Lugansk State Medical University”, Rivne, Ukraine

MD, PhD, Acting Head of the Department of Dentistry

E. S. Pompii, State Establishment “Lugansk State Medical University”, Rivne, Ukraine

MD, Assistant of the Department of Dentistry

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2024-12-04

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1.
Luchynskyi MA, Pompii OO, Oshurko AP, Pompii ES. Studying the impact of probiotic agents on the pathogenetic and clinical features of generalized periodontitis. Zaporozhye Medical Journal [Internet]. 2024Dec.4 [cited 2026May21];26(6):490-5. Available from: https://zmj.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/309576

Issue

Vol. 26 No. 6 (2024)

Section

Review

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