Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of cervicogenic headache
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2025.6.336450Keywords:
cervicogenic headache, trigeminocervical system, manual therapies, interventional techniques, diagnostic nerve blockAbstract
The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the current scientific literature on cervicogenic headache (CGH), highlighting its epidemiological characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms, summarizing contemporary approaches to diagnosis and treatment, and proposing a stepwise algorithm for patient management.
Materials and methods. A structured literature search was conducted from January 2021 to April 2025 using the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Clinical Key, and the Cochrane Library. The following search terms were used: cervicogenic headache, epidemiology, cervicotrigeminal system, diagnostic criteria, physical therapy, interventional techniques, and surgical treatment. Only open-access, full-text articles meeting the PRISMA standards and basic clinical relevance were included.
Results. A systematized overview of recent literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of CGH is presented. Particular attention is given to the analysis of diagnostic criteria, especially those outlined in the ICHD-3 and CHISG classifications, clinical examination, imaging modalities (MRI, CT), and the role of provocation tests and therapeutic nerve blocks. Modern diagnostic strategies integrating clinical features with causality assessments are discussed. The review evaluates multimodal treatment strategies ranging from physiotherapy, manual and physical therapy to interventional methods (nerve blocks, radiofrequency therapy) and interventional procedures for refractory cases. A stepwise diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm is proposed to improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate a personalized approach to CGH management, ultimately enhancing patients’ quality of life.
Conclusions. A structured, multimodal approach to the diagnosis and management of CGH enhances diagnostic precision and therapeutic outcomes. The implementation of evidence-based clinical algorithms in accordance with international guidelines, combined with individualized selection of therapeutic modalities, from conservative to interventional and surgical, contributes to improved patient outcomes and quality of life.
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