Dyslipidemia is a pathological condition characterized by abnormal concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins in blood plasma, including increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides, decreased levels of high-density lipoproteins, or a combination thereof. Dyslipidemias can be primary (genetically determined) or secondary, resulting from other diseases or environmental factors, and represent one of the key modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

Aim. To analyze current evidence on dietary recommendations for dyslipidemia and evaluate their effectiveness in correcting the lipid profile.

Materials and methods. A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, ResearchGate, Crossref databases using the following keywords: dyslipidemia, cardiometabolic disorders, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, dietary nutrition, lipid biomarkers and lifestyle.

Results. Given the growing prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders, dietary interventions that effectively reduce these risks are gaining importance. Alongside pharmacological therapy, dietary correction and lifestyle modification are recommended as first-line measures. Thus, incorporating specific bioactive food compounds with proven cardioprotective properties into the diet has demonstrated meaningful clinical benefit. The strongest evidence for dyslipidemia correction supports the Mediterranean diet, a high-fiber diet, an anti-inflammatory diet, and plant-based dietary patterns, etc. The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, nuts and olive oil, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, with moderate consumption of fish and poultry and limited intake of red and processed meat has shown positive effects on cardiometabolic outcomes. Through its content of soluble and insoluble fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid), polyunsaturated fatty acids including omega-3, polyphenols (oleuropein, resveratrol), phytosterols, flavonoids, catechins, and carotenoids, it exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, improves serum lipid levels and insulin sensitivity, and lowers blood pressure.

Conclusions. Dietary interventions represent the first line of non-pharmacological lipid profile correction. Evidence supports the effectiveness of reducing saturated and trans-fat intake while increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Mediterranean and DASH dietary patterns, combined with weight control, regular physical activity, and lifestyle modification, provide the greatest positive effect on the lipid profile.