History of coronary revascularization methods in chronic coronary artery disease (a literature review)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2026.4.350590

Keywords:

coronary artery disease, myocardial revascularization, coronary artery bypass grafting, coronary stenting

Abstract

Aim. To describe the emergence, development, and current evidence base for coronary revascularization methods, and to evaluate their effectiveness and safety in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine.

Materials and methods. A literature review was conducted using a bibliographic-semantic method. Electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched. Search terms included: coronary artery disease, myocardial revascularization, coronary artery bypass grafting, coronary stenting. Seminal historical publications relevant to the chronological development of revascularization techniques were also included.

Results. CAD is a prevalent, progressive cardiovascular disease that threatens patient’s lives even during a stable course of the pathology and characterized by a critical reduction in coronary blood flow due to stenotic atherosclerotic plaques in the subepicardial coronary arteries (CA). Treatment of CAD encompasses optimal medical therapy and invasive myocardial revascularization, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). According to current evidence-based guidelines, CABG is the reference standard for complex multivessel or left main CAD, particularly in patients with diabetes or reduced left ventricular function, while PCI is an effective minimally invasive alternative for selected anatomical and clinical subgroups. Revascularization effectively reduces the burden of angina and improves health-related quality of life, with beneficial effects on long-term prognosis. Surgical and interventional technologies have undergone substantial evolution and advances in stent design and intravascular imaging guidance.

Conclusions. Given the decrease in the quality of life, exercise tolerance, and the risk of adverse cardiac events from which patients with CAD suffer and die, a necessary condition is the use of effective methods of treatment and prevention of this disease. Myocardial revascularization, as a complement to optimal medical therapy, remains a key treatment strategy for symptom relief and improvement of long-term clinical outcomes in patients with chronic CAD.

Author Biographies

V. O. Hubka, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University

MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery

Yu. M. Vailo, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University

MD, Assistant of the Department of Hospital Surgery

A. M. Materukhin, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University

MD, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Hospital Surgery

References

  1. Timmis A, Vardas P, Townsend N, Torbica A, Katus H, De Smedt D, et al. European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics. Eur Heart J. 2021;43(8):716-99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab892
    | |
  2. Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold SV, Bittner V, Brewer LC, Demeter SH, et al. 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2023;148(9):e9-e119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001168
    | |
  3. Vrints C, Andreotti F, Koskinas KC, Rossello X, Adamo M, Ainslie J, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(36):3415-537. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177
    | |
  4. Pham V, Moroni A, Gall E, Benedetti A, Zivelonghi C, Picard F. Revascularization and Medical Therapy for Chronic Coronary Syndromes: Lessons Learnt from Recent Trials, a Literature Review. J Clin Med. 2023;12(8):2833. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082833
    | |
  5. Head SJ, Milojevic M, Taggart DP, Puskas JD. Current Practice of State-of-the-Art Surgical Coronary Revascularization. Circulation. 2017;136(14):1331-1345. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022572
    | |
  6. Moritz AR, Hudson CL, Orgain ES. Augmentation of the extracardiac anastomoses of the coronary arteries through pericardial adhesions. J Exp Med. 1932;56(6);927-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.56.6.927
    | |
  7. Carrel A. On the Experimental Surgery of the Thoracic Aorta and Heart. Ann Surg. 1910;52(1):83-95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-191007000-00009
    |
  8. Battezzati M, Tagliaferro A, Cattaneo AD. Clinical evaluation of bilateral internal mammary artery ligation as treatment of coronary heart disease. J Am Cardiol. 1959;4(2):180-3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(59)90245-0
    | |
  9. Vineberg A, Munro DD, Cohen H, Buller W. Four years' clinical experience with internal mammary artery implantation in the treatment of human coronary artery insufficiency including additional experimental studies. J Thorac Surg. 1955;29(1):1-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0096-5588(20)30730-3
    | |
  10. Beck CS, Stanton E., et al. Revascularization of heart by graft of systemic artery into coronary sinus. J Am Med Assoc. 1948;137(5):436-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1948.02890390014003
    | |
  11. Murray G, Hilario J, Porcheron R, Roschlau W. Surgery of coronary heart disease. Angiology. 1953;4(6):526-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/000331975300400608
    | |
  12. Goetz RH, Rohman M, Haller JD, Dee R, Rosenak SS. Internal mammary-coronary artery anastomosis: A nonsuture method employing tantalum rings. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1961;41(3):378-86. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(20)31701-3
    | |
  13. Bailey CP, May A, Lemmon WM. Survival after coronary endarterectomy in man. J Am Med Assoc. 1957;164(6):641-46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1957.02980060017005
    | |
  14. Senning A. Strip grafting in coronary arteries. Report of a case. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1961;41(4):542-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(20)31685-8
    | |
  15. Effler DB, Groves LK, Sones Jr FM, Shirey EK. Endarterectomy in the treatment of coronary artery disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1964;47(1):98-108. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(19)33522-6
    | |
  16. Kolessov VI. Mammary artery-coronary artery anastomosis as method of treatment for angina pectoris. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1967;54(4):535-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(19)43061-4
    | |
  17. Parissis H, Ahmed S, Al Nasir J, Kha, J, Ferwana M. Bilateral versus single internal mammary artery in diabetic patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2023;31(9):781-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/02184923231209364
    | |
  18. Neumann FJ., Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, Alfonso F, Banning AP, Benedetto U, et al. 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J. 2018;40(2);87-165. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy394
    | |
  19. Favaloro RG. Saphenous vein autograft replacement of severe segmental coronary artery occlusion: operative technique. Ann Thorac Surg. 1968;5(4):334-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(10)66351-5
    | |
  20. Green GE, Stertzer SH, Gordon RB, Tice DA. Anastomosis of the internal mammary artery to the distal left anterior descending coronary artery. Circulation. 1970;41(5 Suppl), II79–II85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.41.5s2.ii-79
    | |
  21. Loop FD, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM, Stewart RW, Goormastic M, Williams GW, et al. Influence of the internal-mammary-artery graft on 10-year survival and other cardiac events. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(1):1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198601023140101
    | |
  22. Carpentier A, Guermonprez JL, Deloche A, Frechette C, DuBost C. The aorta-to-coronary radial artery bypass graft. A technique avoiding pathological changes in grafts. Ann Thorac Surg. 1973;16(2):111-21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(10)65825-0
    | |
  23. Maestri F, Formica F, Gallingani A, Gripshi F, Nicolini F. Radial Artery Versus Saphenous Vein as Third Conduit in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: a Ten-Year Literature Review. Acta Biomed. 2022;93(2):e2022049. doi: https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v93i2.11370
    | |
  24. Hamilton GW, Raman J, Moten S, Matalanis G, Rosalion A, Dimagli A, et al. Radial artery vs. internal thoracic artery or saphenous vein grafts: 15-year results of the RAPCO trials. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(26):2406-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad108
    | |
  25. Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, Bates ER, Beckie TM, Bischoff JM, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(3):e18-e114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001038
    | |
  26. Suma H, Fukumoto H, Takeuchi A. Coronary artery bypass grafting by utilizing in situ right gastroepiploic artery: basic study and clinical application. Ann Thorac Surg. 1987;44(4):394-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(10)63799-x
    | |
  27. Suma H, Tanabe H, Takahashi A, Horii T, Isomura T, Hirose H, et al. Twenty years experience with the gastroepiploic artery graft for CABG. Circulation. 2007;116(11 Suppl):I188-I191. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678813
    | |
  28. Gaudino M, Bakaeen FG, Sandner S, Aldea GS, Arai H, Chikwe J, et al. Expert systematic review on the choice of conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting: endorsed by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2023;64(2):ezad163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezad163
    | |
  29. Lumsden AB, Eaves FF 3rd, Ofenloch JC, Jordan WD. Subcutaneous, video-assisted saphenous vein harvest: report of the first 30 cases. Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;4(6):771-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0967-2109(96)00055-5
    |
  30. Ferdinand FD, MacDonald JK, Balkhy HH, Bisleri G, Hwang HY, Northrup P, et al. Endoscopic Conduit Harvest in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: An ISMICS Systematic Review and Consensus Conference Statements. Innovations (Phila). 2017;12(5):301-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/IMI.0000000000000410
    | |
  31. Samano N, Geijer H, Liden M, Fremes S, Bodin L, Souza D. The no-touch saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting maintains a patency, after 16 years, comparable to the left internal thoracic artery: A randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;150(4):880-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.07.027
    | |
  32. Saito T, Kurazumi H, Suzuki R, Matsunaga K, Tsubone S, Lv B, et al. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Is a Major Source of Nitric Oxide in Saphenous Vein Grafts Harvested via the No-Touch Technique. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(3):e020637. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.020637
    | |
  33. Sakurai H, Someya T, Yamamoto S, Kasahara I, Kuroki H, Shirai T. Short-Term Evaluation of a Novel No-Touch Technique for Harvesting Saphenous Veins With Long-Shafted Ultrasonic Scalpel. Innovations (Phila). 2022;17(1):56-63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/15569845221074463
    | |
  34. Gaudino M, Di Franco A, Bhatt DL, Alexander JH, Abbate A, Azzalini L, et al. The association between coronary graft patency and clinical status in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(14):1433-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab096
    | |
  35. Sandner S, Antoniades C, Caliskan E, Czerny M, Dayan V, Fremes SE, et al. Intra-operative and post-operative management of conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting: a clinical consensus statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Surgery and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Coronary Task Force. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2024;66(6):ezae400. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezae400
    | |
  36. Calafiore AM, Giammarco GD, Teodori G, Bosco G, D'Annunzio E, Barsotti A, et al. Left anterior descending coronary artery grafting via left anterior small thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;61(6):1658-65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(96)00187-7
    | |
  37. Subramanian VA, Patel NU. Current status of MIDCAB procedure. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2001;16(5):268-70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001573-200109000-00002
    | |
  38. Sef D, Thet MS, Hashim SA, Kikuchi K. Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review. Innovations (Phila). 2024;19(4):351-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/15569845241265867
    | |
  39. Loulmet D, Carpentier A, d'Attellis N, Berrebi A, Cardon C, Ponzio O, et al. Endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting with the aid of robotic assisted instruments. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;118(1):4-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70133-9
    |
  40. Balkhy HH, Wann LS, Krienbring D, Arnsdorf SE. Integrating coronary anastomotic connectors and robotics toward a totally endoscopic beating heart approach: review of 120 cases. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011;92(3):821-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.04.103
    | |
  41. Fatehi Hassanabad A, Kang J, Maitland A, Adams C, Kent W. Review of Contemporary Techniques for Minimally Invasive Coronary Revascularization. Innovations (Phila). 2021;16(3):231-43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/15569845211010767
    | |
  42. Grüntzig AR, Senning A, Siegenthaler WE. Nonoperative dilatation of coronary-artery stenosis: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. N Engl J Med. 1979;301(2):61-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197907123010201
    | |
  43. Dotter CT, Judkins MP. Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction: description of a new technic and a preliminary report of its application. Circulation. 1964;30(5):654-70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.30.5.654
    | |
  44. Barton M, Grüntzig J, Husmann M, Rösch J. Balloon Angioplasty – The Legacy of Andreas Grüntzig, M.D. (1939-1985). Front Cardiovasc Med. 2014;1:15. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2014.00015
    | |
  45. Dotter CT, Buschmann RW, McKinney MK, Rösch J. Transluminal expandable nitinol coil stent grafting: preliminary report. Radiology. 1983;147(1):259-60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.147.1.6828741
    | |
  46. Sigwart U, Puel J, Mirkovitch V, Joffre F, Kappenberger L. Intravascular stents to prevent occlusion and restenosis after transluminal angioplasty. N Engl J Med. 1987;316(12):701-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198703193161201
    | |
  47. Schatz RA, Palmaz JC, Tio FO, Garcia F, Garcia O, Reuter SR. Balloon-expandable intracoronary stents in the adult dog. Circulation. 1987;76(2):450-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.76.2.450
    | |
  48. Roubin GS, Robinson KA, King SB 3rd, Gianturco C, Black AJ, Brown JE, et al. Early and late results of intracoronary arterial stenting after coronary angioplasty in dogs. Circulation. 1987;76(4):891-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.76.4.891
    | |
  49. Serruys PW, de Jaegere P, Kiemeneij F, Macaya C, Rutsch W, Heyndrickx G, et al. A comparison of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. Benestent Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(8):489-95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199408253310801
    | |
  50. Fischman DL, Leon MB, Baim DS, Schatz RA, Savage MP, Penn I, et al. A randomized comparison of coronary-stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease. Stent Restenosis Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(8):496-501. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199408253310802
    | |
  51. Roguin A. Stent: the man and word behind the coronary metal prosthesis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4(2):206-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.960872
    | |
  52. Condello F, Spaccarotella C, Sorrentino S, Indolfi C, Stefanini GG, Polimeni A. Stent Thrombosis and Restenosis with Contemporary Drug-Eluting Stents: Predictors and Current Evidence. J Clin Med. 2023;12(3):1238. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031238
    | |
  53. Frederiks P, Castaldi G, McCutcheon K, Bennett J. Platinum chromium everolimus-eluting stents for the treatment of (complex) coronary artery disease; from SYNERGY™ to the MEGATRON™. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2024;21(7):601-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2024.2353722
    | |
  54. Landi A, De Servi S, De Luca L. Aspirin-free strategies after percutaneous coronary intervention: Old habits, consolidated evidence and future perspectives. Eur J Intern Med. 2025;133:35-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2025.01.012
    | |
  55. Mitsis A, Eftychiou C, Kadoglou NPE, Theodoropoulos KC, Karagiannidis E, Nasoufidou A, et al. Innovations in Intracoronary Imaging: Present Clinical Practices and Future Outlooks. J Clin Med. 2024;13(14):4086. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144086
    | |
  56. Bergmann MW. Incremental Steps Toward the Holy Grail of Contemporary PCI: Leave Nothing Behind! JACC Asia. 2025;5(12):1587-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacasi.2025.09.007
    | |
  57. Parker W. Evolution of coronary stents: innovations, antithrombotic strategies and future directions. Heart. 2025;111(16);753-62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324744
    | |
  58. McGarvey M, Silva K, Keeble TR, Johnson TW, O'Kane P, Ali ZA, et al. Lesion stratification with intracoronary imaging. EuroIntervention. 2026;22(2):e74-e89. doi: https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJ-D-25-00266
    | |
  59. Marchetta M, Sasso S, Paragliola V, Maffi V, Chiricolo G, Massaro G, et al. Leaving Nothing Behind: Expanding the Clinical Frontiers of Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty in Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2025;12(5):176. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12050176
    | |
  60. Lu K, Ye X, Chen Y, Wang P, Gong M, Xuan B, et al. Research progress of drug eluting balloon in arterial circulatory system. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024;11:1287852. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2024.1287852
    | |
  61. Camaj A, Leone PP, Colombo A, Vinayak M, Stone GW, Mehran R, et al. Drug-Coated Balloons for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease: A Review. JAMA Cardiol. 2025;10(2):189-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2024.4244
    | |
  62. Volodos NL. Historical perspective: The first steps in endovascular aortic repair: how it all began. J Endovasc Ther. 2013;20 Suppl 1:I3-I23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1583/1545-1550-20.sp1.I-3
    | |
  63. Ali Z, Kim L, Gupta K. Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Interv Cardiol Clin. 2025;14(2):173-90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccl.2024.11.005
    | |
  64. Simpson JB, Selmon MR, Robertson GC, Cipriano PR, Hayden WG, Johnson DE, et al. Transluminal atherectomy for occlusive peripheral vascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 1988;61(14):96G-101G. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(88)80040-7
    | |
  65. Hansen DD, Auth DC, Hall M, Ritchie JL. Rotational endarterectomy in normal canine coronary arteries: preliminary report. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;11(5):1073-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(98)90067-5
    | |
  66. Wang Q, Ma W, Zhang D, Zhang W, An J, Dou K, et al. Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Intravascular Lithotripsy System for Severe Coronary Calcification: The CALCI-CRACK Trial. Can J Cardiol. 2024;40(9):1657-67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2024.04.012
    | |
  67. Jurado-Román A, Gómez-Menchero A, Rivero-Santana B, Amat-Santos IJ, Jiménez-Valero S, Caballero-Borrego J, et al. Rotational Atherectomy, Lithotripsy, or Laser for Calcified Coronary Stenosis: The ROLLER COASTR-EPIC22 Trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2025;18(5):606-18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2024.11.012
    | |
  68. Ueki Y, Kuwahara K. Periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. J Cardiol. 2023;81(4):364-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.11.005
    | |
  69. Zivkovic S, Mandic A, Krupnikovic K, Obradovic A, Misevic V, Farkic M, et al. Myocardial Revascularization in Patients with Diabetes and Heart Failure-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(7):3398. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073398
    | |
  70. Coerkamp CF, Hoogewerf M, van Putte BP, Appelman Y, Doevendans PA. Revascularization strategies for patients with established chronic coronary syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 2022;52(8);e13787. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13787
    | |
  71. Spadaccio C, Nenna A, Rose D, Piccirillo F, Nusca A, Grigioni F, et al. The Role of Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis in Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Revascularization. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2022;15(5):1024-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-022-10241-0
    | |
  72. Shah R, Nayyar M, Le FK, Labroo A, Nasr A, Rashid A, et al. A meta-analysis of optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis. 2022;33(2):91-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCA.0000000000001041
    | |
  73. Klein LW, Nathan S, Maehara A, Messenger J, Mintz GS, Ali ZA, et al. SCAI Expert Consensus Statement on Management of In-Stent Restenosis and Stent Thrombosis. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv. 2023;2(4):100971. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscai.2023.100971
    | |

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2026-07-08

How to Cite

1.
Hubka VO, Vailo YM, Materukhin AM. History of coronary revascularization methods in chronic coronary artery disease (a literature review). Zaporozhye Medical Journal [Internet]. 2026Jul.8 [cited 2026Jul.13];28(4):348-57. Available from: https://zmj.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/350590

Issue

Vol. 28 No. 4 (2026)

Section

Review

License

Copyright (c) 2026 V. O. Hubka, Yu. M. Vailo, A. M. Materukhin

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.  Лицензия Creative Commons