Interleukin-4 and specific IgE to oranges levels study in persons with allergic anamnesis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2014.2.25426Keywords:
allergy, interleukin-4, specific IgE, orangeAbstract
Introduction. Currently allergic diseases pose a global health concern. The connection between immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE-Ab) and allergic disorders is well established. However, the mechanisms through which IgE-Ab contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases are yet to be elucidated. There are reports that highlight the crucial role of interleukins in the regulation of these processes. Thus, some authors pay attention to interleukin-4 (IL-4) which is important for the control of all aspects of the humoral response. Recent epidemiological studies show that oranges are largely consumed worldwide and commonly included in the diet in many countries being one of the main reasons of food allergy. So it was decided to investigate possible links between the levels of IL-4 and IgE-Ab both total and specific to the orange allergens.
The aim of this study is to determine the levels of IL-4, total and specific orange IgE-Ab (sIgE-Ab) concentrations in individuals with a history of allergic diseases and find some statistically significant links between these parameters.
Materials and methods. We selected and investigated serums of 180 patients between 7 months and 78 years with a history of allergic diseases who complained on frequent development of various allergic reactions, mainly atopic dermatitis, urticaria, etc. Determination of the levels of IL-4, total and specific IgE-Ab to the orange allergens was carried out using the first national ELISA test systems of the fourth generation (“Ukrmed-Don”, Donetsk, Ukraine). Specific IgE and IL-4 levels were examined in 180 patients and total IgE levels were investigated in 161 patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the licensed program “MedStat” (Donetsk, Ukraine). The median, the median error, the left and right limits of 95% confidence interval were calculated for all of three samples (IL-4, total IgE-Ab, sIgE-Ab). Central tendencies of two subgroups of IL-4, which were differentiated by the levels of sIgE-Ab (< and > 0,35 IU/ml) were compared using two sample Wilcoxon test. We also carried out correlation analysis aimed at revealing possible links between IL-4 and total IgE-Ab and between IL-4 and sIgE-Ab using Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient (Tau, p<0,05). Using the Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks test multiple comparisons of the IL-4 levels in five age groups (under 3 years of age and 3 year-old patients, from 4 to 6 years old, from 7 to 11 years old, from 12 to 18 years old, 19 year-old patients and over) were performed. Additionally, the correlation coefficient between the age and the levels of IL-4 was calculated by the Kendall`s method (Tau, p<0,05).
Results. It was found that central tendencies of interleukin-4 in two subgroups with different levels of sIgE-Ab (< and > 0,35 IU/ml) were different (p<0,001). Also significant were direct correlation links between interleukin-4 and IgE-antibodies both total (Tau=0,260, p<0,01) and specific to oranges (Tau=0,246, p<0,01) were revealed. The same links (p<0,01) were detected among children and adults separately. In addition, there was significant correlation link between interleukin-4 and specific IgE-antibodies to oranges in the subgroup with sIgE-Ab level > 0,35 IU/ml (Tau=0,294, p<0,01), but in the subgroup with specific IgE-antibodies level < 0,35 IU/ml there was no one (Tau=0, p>0,05). Such findings support the evidence that IL-4 could play an important role in allergic response to orange proteins. Multiple comparisons carried out using the Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks test showed the absence of statistically significant difference of the IL-4 levels in the 5 treatment groups (p=0,207). Besides there was no significant correlation link between the levels of interleukin-4 and the patients age (Tau=0, p>0,05).
Conclusions. This data revealed statistically significant direct correlation links between IL-4 and IgE-Ab both total (Tau=0,260, p<0,01) and specific to oranges (Tau=0,246, p<0,01). A significantly higher (p<0,001) medium level of IL-4 was demonstrated to be in the group with specific IgE-Ab level > 0,35 IU/ml. The data obtained from the study might be useful both in public health and in further research in order to improve diagnostic and treatment algorithms in orange sensitized patients.
References
Rindsjo E. Mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergy/ E. Rindsjo, A. Scheynius // Experimental cell research. -2010. – Vol.316. – P.1384 – 1389.
Samitas K. B Cells: From Early Development to Regulating Allergic Diseases/ K. Samitas, J. Lotvall, A. Bossios// Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.- 2010. – Vol. – 58. –P.209–225 .
Patterns of food allergen-specific cytokine production by T lymphocytes of children with multiple allergies/ T.H. Scott-Taylor, J.B. Hourihane, J. Harper, S. Strobel// Clin Exp Allergy. – 2005. – Vol.35. – P.1473-1480.
Role played by Th2 type cytokines in IgE mediated allergy and asthma/ S.S. Deo, K.J. Mistry, A.M. Kakade, P.V. Niphadkar// Lung India. -2010. – Vol.27. – P.66–71.
Lama M. Total serum immunoglobulin E in children with asthma/ M. Lama, M. Chatterjee, T.K. Chaudhuri// Indian J Clin Biochem. – 2013. – Vol.28. – P.197-200.
Urban air pollution and climate change as environmental risk factors of respiratory allergy: an update/ G. D’Amato, L. Cecchi, M. D’Amato, G. Liccardi// J Investig Allergy Clin Immunol. – 2010. – Vol.20. – P.95-102.
Citrus Allergy from Pollen to Clinical Symptoms [Electronic resource]/ R.A. Lorio, S. Del Duca, E.Calamelli [et al.]// PloS ONE. – 2013. – Vol.8. – P.е53680. – Access mode to the journal: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0053680
Cytokine Levels in the Serum of Healthy Subjects/ G. Kleiner, A. Marcuzzi, V. Zanin [et al.]// Mediators of Inflammation. – 2013. – P.1-6
Immune thrombocytopenia: serumcytokine levels in children and adults/ S. Culic, I. Salamunic, P. Konjevoda [et al.]// Med Sci Monit. – 2013. – Vol.19. – P. 797-801.
Relationship between serum levels of IL-4 and IgE with disease severity in allergic asthma/ M. A.Saba, H.Akbari, S. M. Banihashemian [et al.]//Feyz Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. – 2013. -Vol.17. – P.366-372.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)